From medieval tapestries to Morris florals and modern maximalism, here’s how Britain learned to love pattern – and why it still feels right at home today.
If you think about it, there’s a curious paradox at the heart of British interiors… On the one hand, we have a national reputation for restraint (understatement, muted tones, “good taste” and so on).
But on the other hand, some of the most exuberant, richly patterned textiles in the world have emerged from these shores. Think all those fantastical florals and tumbling, twisting vines bursting with birds and fruit. For a supposedly reserved nation, we’ve always had quite the soft spot for vibrant decoration.
So an interesting question to explore is: how did that happen? And why does British pattern-making still feel so relevant today?
Nature and industry
Long before wallpaper rolls and textile mills, pattern was woven into British life: in medieval tapestries, embroidered hangings, heraldic banners and richly carved woodwork. Tudor and Jacobean interiors were layered and colourful; anything but minimal.
However, the big change that came along was the way pattern was made. By the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution had transformed production. Machine printing made decoration cheaper and more widely available – but it also produced vast quantities of poorly designed, over-ornamented goods.
It was in response to this that the Arts & Crafts movement gathered momentum. Designers such as William Morris believed that homes should not be filled with careless, factory-made decoration, but with objects that reflected real craft skills and a connection to nature. In the Morris philosophy, pattern was not a frivolous thing, but a matter of principle.
Principle and popularity
This Morris-ish way of thinking never entirely disappeared, even as tastes changed and designs evolved, including during the modernist period of the early 20th century, and after the upheavals of war and austerity when simplicity felt necessary. White walls and pared-back spaces suited a postwar rebuilding period, but decoration did not vanish.
The great British design houses continued to nurture their pattern archives, building on that deep knowledge of how to construct pleasing repeats in the structure of a pattern, and how to balance colours and shapes.
The pattern pendulum swings back
In recent years, after decades of open-plan living and neutral palettes, things have changed again. Social media, heritage renovations and a renewed interest in craft have all played their part. Many of us began to tire of rooms that felt immaculate but showroom-like and impersonal. Britons wanted warmth and character, with contrasting colours and textures. “Maximalism” re-entered the conversation.
The revival of historic prints is part of that story. When a design has survived for more than a century, it usually has something going for it.
The secrets of British pattern
What distinguishes much historic British pattern-making is not just its subject matter (flowers, birds, foliage etc) but also its structure. It’s a bit of a mix of art and maths.
Even the richest designs usually have a very disciplined repeat, with motifs cleverly and meticulously organised and an underlying geometry holding everything together.
That may well be why these designs are so timeless and still work so well in modern interiors: they have a way of bringing movement and vibrancy into a room, but they’re not simply chaotic. It’s that very British balance of exuberance and understatement, again.
A little pattern goes a long way…
Of course, embracing pattern today doesn’t require recreating a Tudor hall or papering every surface in foliage.
One of the reasons pattern has re-entered contemporary homes so successfully is that we can control its scale: a cushion, a curtain or, yes, a single lampshade can be just the right amount to catch the eye without overwhelming the room.
Lighting is a particularly good carrier of pattern because it places a design right at eye level. In that sense, the long story of British pattern-making – from medieval halls to Arts & Crafts workshops to modern design studios – finds a natural home in the simplest of objects.
Remembering what we’ve always known
Pattern has always been part of how the British liked their domestic worlds, so the current revival of historic prints feels less like a trend and more like a return to our best instincts and the pleasure of craftsmanship in everyday life.
At Pooky, we’ve been fortunate to work with some of the great British design houses to create lampshades based on their extraordinary pattern archives, including Liberty and Sanderson.
You can see our current collaborations with Morris & Co. and with GP & J Baker – and browse our full glorious range of lampshades here.
See also: A Beginner’s Guide to the Great British Design Houses (and why they still matter)